Friday, June 8, 2012

Does It Matter That the Corcoran Shows Just 3 Percent of Its Art?

Corcoran Gallery May Sell Building, Move to Alexandria

Corcoran Gallery of Art President Fred Bollerer and board chairman Harry F. Hopper III told The Washington Post on Monday that a principal problem with the institution's current Beaux-Arts building?which the museum may be looking to sell?is that it's just too small. "The 126,000-square-foot facility, built in 1897, is so small that less than 3 percent of the collection can be displayed at any one time," the Post reported.

Is the Corcoran's building too small relative to its art collection? No?at least, it's no smaller in this respect than any of its peer institutions.

For example, the National Gallery of Art displays approximately 2.4 percent of its art collection, according to Deborah Ziska, the museum's press chief. About one-third of the National Gallery's more than 7,000 paintings, sculptures, and decorative objects can be seen on a visit to the museum. But the museum's collection also includes nearly 120,000 works on paper, photographs, and other media?and only half of 1 percent of those are hanging in the museum.

"It is important to note that even if we had space to show all of our works on paper, photographs and media art, we could not do so due to their sensitivity to light, which greatly limits the amount of time they can be out of storage and on view," Ziska says. "Therefore we prefer to just talk about the paintings, sculpture and decorative arts."

The Smithsonian American Art Museum shows 29 percent of its paintings, sculptures, and other physical artworks, says Laura Baptiste, public affairs officer for the museum. But count graphic arts?the category that accounts for the majority of the museum's art holdings?and the museum's showing just 9 percent of its total collection. Margaret Doyle, the director of communications at New York's Museum of Modern Art, wouldn't even guesstimate, as the museum's exhibitions rotate quickly. "Suffice it to say, it's a small percentage," Doyle says. "We have more than 150,000 works in the collection."

("The percentage on view is obviously small," she added, "and whenever I get this question I can't help thinking of the 'We're talking small' scene from Arthur.")

The Corcoran can break down its collection in exact detail. Its holdings include 1,450 paintings; 645 sculptures; 632 installation, textile, and media works?and 14,340 works on paper. The Corcoran cannot show the overwhelming majority of these. But Corcoran curators can select the best of them and show them alongside the best paintings and sculptures. That's one difference between a museum and a library.

Photo via Wikimedia Commons

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ScienceDaily: Biochemistry News

ScienceDaily: Biochemistry Newshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/biochemistry/ Read the latest research in biochemistry -- protein structure and function, RNA and DNA, enzymes and biosynthesis and more biochemistry news.en-usThu, 07 Jun 2012 19:05:01 EDTThu, 07 Jun 2012 19:05:01 EDT60ScienceDaily: Biochemistry Newshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/logosmall.gifhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/biochemistry/ For more science articles, visit ScienceDaily.Photosynthesis: A new way of looking at photosystem IIhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120606155808.htm Using ultrafast, intensely bright pulses of X-rays scientists have obtained the first ever images at room temperature of photosystem II, a protein complex critical for photosynthesis and future artificial photosynthetic systems.Wed, 06 Jun 2012 15:58:58 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120606155808.htm1 million billion billion billion billion billion billion: Number of undiscovered drugshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120606132316.htm A new voyage into "chemical space" ? occupied not by stars and planets but substances that could become useful in everyday life ? has concluded that scientists have synthesized barely one tenth of one percent of potential medicines. The report estimates that the actual number of these so-called "small molecules" could be one novemdecillion (that's one with 60 zeroes), more than some estimates of the number of stars in the universe.Wed, 06 Jun 2012 13:23:23 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120606132316.htmHalogen bonding helps design new drugshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120605121639.htm Halogens particularly chlorine, bromine, and iodine ? have a unique quality which allows them to positively influence the interaction between molecules. This ?halogen bonding? has been employed in the area of materials science for some time, but is only now finding applications in the life sciences.Tue, 05 Jun 2012 12:16:16 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120605121639.htmFaster, more sensitive photodetector created by tricking graphenehttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120605102842.htm Researchers have developed a highly sensitive detector of infrared light that can be used in applications ranging from detection of chemical and biochemical weapons from a distance and better airport body scanners to chemical analysis in the laboratory and studying the structure of the universe through new telescopes.Tue, 05 Jun 2012 10:28:28 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120605102842.htmFilming life in the fast lanehttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120604092858.htm A new microscope enabled scientists to film a fruit fly embryo, in 3D, from when it was about two-and-a-half hours old until it walked away from the microscope as a larva.Mon, 04 Jun 2012 09:28:28 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120604092858.htmExpanding the genetic alphabet may be easier than previously thoughthttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120603191722.htm A new study suggests that the replication process for DNA -- the genetic instructions for living organisms that is composed of four bases (C, G, A and T) -- is more open to unnatural letters than had previously been thought. An expanded "DNA alphabet" could carry more information than natural DNA, potentially coding for a much wider range of molecules and enabling a variety of powerful applications, from precise molecular probes and nanomachines to useful new life forms.Sun, 03 Jun 2012 19:17:17 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120603191722.htmNanotechnology breakthrough could dramatically improve medical testshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120531165752.htm A laboratory test used to detect disease and perform biological research could be made more than 3 million times more sensitive, according to researchers who combined standard biological tools with a breakthrough in nanotechnology.Thu, 31 May 2012 16:57:57 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120531165752.htmX-ray laser probes biomolecules to individual atomshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120531145728.htm Scientists have demonstrated how the world's most powerful X-ray laser can assist in cracking the structures of biomolecules, and in the processes helped to pioneer critical new investigative avenues in biology.Thu, 31 May 2012 14:57:57 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120531145728.htmBuilding molecular 'cages' to fight diseasehttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120531145720.htm Biochemists have designed specialized proteins that assemble themselves to form tiny molecular cages hundreds of times smaller than a single cell. The creation of these miniature structures may be the first step toward developing new methods of drug delivery or even designing artificial vaccines.Thu, 31 May 2012 14:57:57 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120531145720.htmFree-electron lasers reveal detailed architecture of proteinshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120531145630.htm Ultrashort flashes of X-radiation allow atomic structures of macromolecules to be obtained even from tiny protein crystals.Thu, 31 May 2012 14:56:56 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120531145630.htmRewriting DNA to understand what it sayshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120531102207.htm Our ability to "read" DNA has made tremendous progress in the past few decades, but the ability to understand and alter the genetic code, that is, to "rewrite" the DNA-encoded instructions, has lagged behind. A new study advances our understanding of the genetic code: It proposes a way of effectively introducing numerous carefully planned DNA segments into genomes of living cells and of testing the effects of these changes. New technology speeds up DNA "rewriting" and measures the effects of the changes in living cells.Thu, 31 May 2012 10:22:22 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120531102207.htmNanodevice manufacturing strategy using DNA 'Building blocks'http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120530152203.htm Researchers have developed a method for building complex nanostructures out of interlocking DNA "building blocks" that can be programmed to assemble themselves into precisely designed shapes. With further development, the technology could one day enable the creation of new nanoscale devices that deliver drugs directly to disease sites.Wed, 30 May 2012 15:22:22 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120530152203.htmBioChip may make diagnosis of leukemia and HIV faster, cheaperhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120530104034.htm Inexpensive, portable devices that can rapidly screen cells for leukemia or HIV may soon be possible thanks to a chip that can produce three-dimensional focusing of a stream of cells, according to researchers.Wed, 30 May 2012 10:40:40 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120530104034.htmCellular computers? Scientists train cells to perform boolean functionshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120530100041.htm Scientists have engineered cells that behave like AND and OR Boolean logic gates, producing an output based on one or more unique inputs. This feat could eventually help researchers create computers that use cells as tiny circuits.Wed, 30 May 2012 10:00:00 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120530100041.htmIon-based electronic chip to control muscles: Entirely new circuit technology based on ions and moleculeshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120529113543.htm An integrated chemical chip has just been developed. An advantage of chemical circuits is that the charge carrier consists of chemical substances with various functions. This means that we now have new opportunities to control and regulate the signal paths of cells in the human body. The chemical chip can control the delivery of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This enables chemical control of muscles, which are activated when they come into contact with acetylcholine.Tue, 29 May 2012 11:35:35 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120529113543.htmMethod for building artificial tissue devisedhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120528154859.htm Physicists have developed a method that models biological cell-to-cell adhesion that could also have industrial applications.Mon, 28 May 2012 15:48:48 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120528154859.htmSmallest possible five-ringed structure made: 'Olympicene' molecule built using clever synthetic organic chemistryhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120528100253.htm Scientists have created and imaged the smallest possible five-ringed structure -- about 100,000 times thinner than a human hair. Dubbed 'olympicene', the single molecule was brought to life in a picture thanks to a combination of clever synthetic chemistry and state-of-the-art imaging techniques.Mon, 28 May 2012 10:02:02 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120528100253.htm'Unzipped' carbon nanotubes could help energize fuel cells and batterieshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120527153818.htm Multi-walled carbon nanotubes riddled with defects and impurities on the outside could replace some of the expensive platinum catalysts used in fuel cells and metal-air batteries, according to scientists.Sun, 27 May 2012 15:38:38 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120527153818.htmSuper-sensitive tests could detect diseases earlierhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120527153718.htm Scientists have developed an ultra-sensitive test that should enable them to detect signs of a disease in its earliest stages.Sun, 27 May 2012 15:37:37 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120527153718.htmCell?s transport pods look like a molecular version of robots from Transformershttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120525103614.htm Images of the cell's transport pods have revealed a molecular version of the robots from Transformers. Previously, scientists had been able to create and determine the structure of 'cages' formed by parts of the protein coats that encase other types of vesicles, but this study was the first to obtain high-resolution images of complete vesicles, budded from a membrane.Fri, 25 May 2012 10:36:36 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120525103614.htmDiscarded data may hold the key to a sharper view of moleculeshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524143527.htm There's nothing like a new pair of eyeglasses to bring fine details into sharp relief. For scientists who study the large molecules of life from proteins to DNA, the equivalent of new lenses have come in the form of an advanced method for analyzing data from X-ray crystallography experiments.Thu, 24 May 2012 14:35:35 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524143527.htmNewly modified nanoparticle opens window on future gene editing technologieshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524123232.htm Researchers are using nanoparticles to simultaneously deliver proteins and DNA into plant cells. The technology could allow more sophisticated and targeted editing of plant genomes. And that could help researchers develop crops that adapt to changing climates and resist pests.Thu, 24 May 2012 12:32:32 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524123232.htmUnusual quantum effect discovered in earliest stages of photosynthesishttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524092932.htm Quantum physics and plant biology seem like two branches of science that could not be more different, but surprisingly they may in fact be intimately tied. Scientists have discovered an unusual quantum effect in the earliest stages of photosynthesis.Thu, 24 May 2012 09:29:29 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120524092932.htmBig step toward quantum computing: Efficient and tunable interface for quantum networkshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120523135527.htm Quantum computers may someday revolutionize the information world. But in order for quantum computers at distant locations to communicate with one another, they have to be linked together in a network. While several building blocks for a quantum computer have already been successfully tested in the laboratory, a network requires one additonal component: A reliable interface between computers and information channels. Austrian physicists now report the construction of an efficient and tunable interface for quantum networks.Wed, 23 May 2012 13:55:55 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120523135527.htmRapid DNA sequencing may soon be routine part of each patient's medical recordhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522152655.htm Rapid DNA sequencing may soon become a routine part of each individual's medical record, providing enormous information previously sequestered in the human genome's 3 billion nucleotide bases. Recent advances in sequencing technology using a tiny orifice known as a nanopore are covered in a new a article.Tue, 22 May 2012 15:26:26 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522152655.htmMethod to strengthen proteins with polymershttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521164104.htm Scientists have synthesized polymers to attach to proteins in order to stabilize them during shipping, storage and other activities. The study findings suggest that these polymers could be useful in stabilizing protein formulations.Mon, 21 May 2012 16:41:41 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521164104.htmTotally RAD: Bioengineers create rewritable digital data storage in DNAhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521163751.htm Scientists have devised a method for repeatedly encoding, storing and erasing digital data within the DNA of living cells. In practical terms, they have devised the genetic equivalent of a binary digit -- a "bit" in data parlance.Mon, 21 May 2012 16:37:37 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521163751.htmDon't like blood tests? New microscope uses rainbow of light to image the flow of individual blood cellshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521115654.htm Blood tests convey vital medical information, but the sight of a needle often causes anxiety and results take time. A new device however, can reveal much the same information as a traditional blood test in real-time, simply by shining a light through the skin. This portable optical instrument is able to provide high-resolution images of blood coursing through veins without the need for harsh fluorescent dyes.Mon, 21 May 2012 11:56:56 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521115654.htmZooming in on bacterial weapons in 3-D: Structure of bacterial injection needles deciphered at atomic resolutionhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521103808.htm The plague, bacterial dysentery, and cholera have one thing in common: These dangerous diseases are caused by bacteria which infect their host using a sophisticated injection apparatus. Through needle-like structures, they release molecular agents into their host cell, thereby evading the immune response. Researchers have now elucidated the structure of such a needle at atomic resolution. Their findings might contribute to drug tailoring and the development of strategies which specifically prevent the infection process.Mon, 21 May 2012 10:38:38 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120521103808.htmEngineers use droplet microfluidics to create glucose-sensing microbeadshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120518132657.htm Tiny beads may act as minimally invasive glucose sensors for a variety of applications in cell culture systems and tissue engineering.Fri, 18 May 2012 13:26:26 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120518132657.htmChemists merge experimentation with theory in understanding of water moleculehttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120518081147.htm Using newly developed imaging technology, chemists have confirmed years of theoretical assumptions about water molecules, the most abundant and one of the most frequently studied substances on Earth.Fri, 18 May 2012 08:11:11 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120518081147.htmDiamond used to produce graphene quantum dots and nano-ribbons of controlled structurehttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120517193141.htm Researchers have come closer to solving an old challenge of producing graphene quantum dots of controlled shape and size at large densities, which could revolutionize electronics and optoelectronics.Thu, 17 May 2012 19:31:31 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120517193141.htmIn chemical reactions, water adds speed without heathttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120517143506.htm Scientists have discovered how adding trace amounts of water can tremendously speed up chemical reactions -? such as hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis ?- in which hydrogen is one of the reactants, or starting materials.Thu, 17 May 2012 14:35:35 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120517143506.htmPlant protein discovery could boost bioeconomyhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120514104848.htm Three proteins have been found to be involved in the accumulation of fatty acids in plants. The discovery could help plant scientists boost seed oil production in crops. And that could boost the production of biorenewable fuels and chemicals.Mon, 14 May 2012 10:48:48 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120514104848.htmPhotonics: New approach to generating terahertz radiation will lead to new imaging and sensing applicationshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120510095622.htm A new approach to generating terahertz radiation will lead to new imaging and sensing applications. The low energy of the radiation means that it can pass through materials that are otherwise opaque, opening up uses in imaging and sensing ? for example, in new security scanners. In practice, however, applications have been difficult to implement.Thu, 10 May 2012 09:56:56 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120510095622.htmIt's a trap: New lab technique captures microRNA targetshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120509135959.htm To better understand how microRNAs -- small pieces of genetic material -- influence human health and disease, scientists first need to know which microRNAs act upon which genes. To do this scientists developed miR-TRAP, a new easy-to-use method to directly identify microRNA targets in cells.Wed, 09 May 2012 13:59:59 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120509135959.htmQuantum dots brighten the future of lightinghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120508173349.htm Researchers have boosted the efficiency of a novel source of white light called quantum dots more than tenfold, making them of potential interest for commercial applications.Tue, 08 May 2012 17:33:33 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120508173349.htmMolecular container gives drug dropouts a second chancehttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120508152129.htm Chemists have designed a molecular container that can hold drug molecules and increase their solubility, in one case up to nearly 3,000 times.Tue, 08 May 2012 15:21:21 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120508152129.htmUltrasound idea: Prototype bioreactor evaluates engineered tissue while creating ithttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503194229.htm Researchers have developed a prototype bioreactor that both stimulates and evaluates tissue as it grows, mimicking natural processes while eliminating the need to stop periodically to cut up samples for analysis.Thu, 03 May 2012 19:42:42 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503194229.htmNew technique generates predictable complex, wavy shapes: May explain brain folds and be useful for drug deliveryhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503120130.htm A new technique predictably generates complex, wavy shapes and may help improve drug delivery and explain natural patterns from brain folds to bell peppers.Thu, 03 May 2012 12:01:01 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120503120130.htmAt smallest scale, liquid crystal behavior portends new materialshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502132953.htm Liquid crystals, the state of matter that makes possible the flat screen technology now commonly used in televisions and computers, may have some new technological tricks in store.Wed, 02 May 2012 13:29:29 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502132953.htmElectronic nanotube nose out in fronthttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502112910.htm A new nanotube super sensor is able to detect subtle differences with a single sniff. For example, the chemical dimethylsulfone is associated with skin cancer. The human nose cannot detect this volatile but it could be detected with the new sensor at concentrations as low as 25 parts per billion.Wed, 02 May 2012 11:29:29 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502112910.htmBiomimetic polymer synthesis enhances structure controlhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502091839.htm A new biomimetic approach to synthesising polymers will offer unprecedented control over the final polymer structure and yield advances in nanomedicine, researchers say.Wed, 02 May 2012 09:18:18 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120502091839.htmHigh-powered microscopes reveal inner workings of sex cellshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120501085502.htm Scientists using high-powered microscopes have made a stunning observation of the architecture within a cell ? and identified for the first time how the architecture changes during the formation of gametes, also known as sex cells, in order to successfully complete? the process.Tue, 01 May 2012 08:55:55 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120501085502.htmHigh-strength silk scaffolds improve bone repairhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120430151752.htm Biomedical engineers have demonstrated the first all-polymeric bone scaffold that is fully biodegradable and offers significant mechanical support during repair. The technique uses silk fibers to reinforce a silk matrix. Adding microfibers to the scaffolds enhances bone formation and mechanical properties. It could improve repair after accident or disease.Mon, 30 Apr 2012 15:17:17 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120430151752.htmMolecular spectroscopy tracks living mammalian cells in real time as they differentiatehttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120430114937.htm Cells regulate their functions by adding or subtracting phosphates from proteins. If scientists could study the process in detail, in individual cells over time, understanding and treating diseases would be greatly aided. Formerly this was impossible without damaging the cells or interfering with the process itself, but scientists have now achieved the goal by using bright infrared beams and a technique called Fourier transform spectromicroscopy.Mon, 30 Apr 2012 11:49:49 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120430114937.htmElectric charge disorder: A key to biological order?http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120430105356.htm Researchers have shown how small random patches of disordered, frozen electric charges can make a difference when they are scattered on surfaces that are overall neutral. These charges induce a twisting force that is strong enough to be felt as far as nanometers or even micrometers away. These results could help scientists to understand phenomena that occur on surfaces such as those of large biological molecules.Mon, 30 Apr 2012 10:53:53 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120430105356.htmBejeweled: Nanotech gets boost from nanowire decorationshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120427100113.htm Engineers have found a novel method for "decorating" nanowires with chains of tiny particles to increase their electrical and catalytic performance. The new technique is simpler, faster and more effective than earlier methods and could lead to better batteries, solar cells and catalysts.Fri, 27 Apr 2012 10:01:01 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120427100113.htmFirst custom designed protein crystal createdhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120425140403.htm Protein design is technique that is increasingly valuable to a variety of fields, from biochemistry to therapeutics to materials engineering. Chemists have taken this kind of design a step further; Using computational methods, they have created the first custom-designed protein crystal.Wed, 25 Apr 2012 14:04:04 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120425140403.htmCompressed sensing allows imaging of live cell structureshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120423104019.htm Researchers have advanced the ability to view a clear picture of a single cellular structure in motion. By identifying molecules using compressed sensing, this new method provides needed spatial resolution plus a faster temporal resolution.Mon, 23 Apr 2012 10:40:40 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120423104019.htmWhat did the scientist say to the sommelier? 'Show me the proof'http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120422162415.htm What does lemon pan sauce chicken have to do with biochemistry and molecular biology? Some will say that successful execution of the dish requires the Maillard reaction, a chemical process that's responsible for the flavors and colors in a variety of food.Sun, 22 Apr 2012 16:24:24 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120422162415.htmChemists explain the molecular workings of promising fuel cell electrolytehttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120422134953.htm Researchers have revealed how protons move in phosphoric acid in a study that sheds new light on the workings of a promising fuel cell electrolyte.Sun, 22 Apr 2012 13:49:49 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120422134953.htmFirst atomic-scale real-time movies of platinum nanocrystal growth in liquidshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120419132602.htm Researchers have developed a technique for encapsulating liquids of nanocrystals between layers of graphene so that chemical reactions in the liquids can be imaged with an electron microscope. With this technique, movies can be made that provide unprecedented direct observations of physical, chemical and biological phenomena that take place in liquids on the nanometer scale.Thu, 19 Apr 2012 13:26:26 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120419132602.htmDefending against chemical acts of terrorismhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120419121523.htm Researchers may have found a way to protect us against otherwise deadly chemical attacks, such as the subway sarin incident in Tokyo that left thirteen people dead and thousands more injured or with temporary vision problems. The method is based on a new and improved version of a detoxifying enzyme produced naturally by our livers, according to a new reportThu, 19 Apr 2012 12:15:15 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120419121523.htmNature's billion-year-old battery key to storing energyhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418143757.htm New research is bringing us one step closer to clean energy. It is possible to extend the length of time a battery-like enzyme can store energy from seconds to hours, a new study shows.Wed, 18 Apr 2012 14:37:37 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418143757.htmAdvance could mean stain-busting super scrub brushes and other new laundry productshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418135259.htm Scientists are reporting development and successful testing of a way to reuse -- hundreds of times -- the expensive, dirt-busting enzymes that boost the cleaning power of laundry detergents and powdered bleaches that now disappear down the drain. The discovery opens the door to new laundry products, like special scrub brushes or reusable enzyme-coated plastic flakes and strips that might be added to cheaper detergents.Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:52:52 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418135259.htmEarly detection techniques offer hope for improved outcomes in lung cancer patientshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418095347.htm New techniques for identifying lung cancer earlier ?- including a new type of chest screening, a nanotech ?nose? and a method to examine the cells of the cheek -- are showing substantial promise, according to new research.Wed, 18 Apr 2012 09:53:53 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418095347.htmFirst description of a triple DNA helix in vacuumhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418095315.htm Scientists have managed for the first time to extract trustworthy structural information from a triple helix DNA in gas phase, that is to say in conditions in which DNA is practically in a vacuum. This research could bring the development of antigen therapy based on these DNA structures closer.Wed, 18 Apr 2012 09:53:53 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120418095315.htmNew process improves catalytic rate of enzymes by 3,000 percenthttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120417152732.htm Light of specific wavelengths can be used to boost an enzyme's function by as much as 30 fold, potentially establishing a path to less expensive biofuels, detergents and a host of other products.Tue, 17 Apr 2012 15:27:27 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120417152732.htmHot new manufacturing tool: A temperature-controlled microbehttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120417080533.htm Scientists have found a way to control a heat-loving microbe with a temperature switch: it makes a product at low temperatures but not at high temperatures. The innovation could make it easier to use microorganisms as miniature factories for the production of needed materials like biofuels.Tue, 17 Apr 2012 08:05:05 EDThttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120417080533.htm

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Thursday, June 7, 2012

New Book Sheds Light on Parents of the Deployed, the ?Other? Military Family Who Also Serve Their Country

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What does it mean to be cool? It may not be what you think

ScienceDaily (June 7, 2012) ? Do rebelliousness, emotional control, toughness and thrill-seeking still make up the essence of coolness?

Can performers James Dean and Miles Davis still be considered the models of cool?

Research led by a University of Rochester Medical Center psychologist and published by the Journal of Individual Differences has found the characteristics associated with coolness today are markedly different than those that generated the concept of cool.

"When I set out to find what people mean by coolness, I wanted to find corroboration of what I thought coolness was," said Ilan Dar-Nimrod, Ph.D., lead author of "Coolness: An Empirical Investigation." "I was not prepared to find that coolness has lost so much of its historical origins and meaning -- the very heavy countercultural, somewhat individualistic pose I associated with cool.

"James Dean is no longer the epitome of cool," Dar-Nimrod said. "The much darker version of what coolness is still there, but it is not the main focus. The main thing is: Do I like this person? Is this person nice to people, attractive, confident and successful? That's cool today, at least among young mainstream individuals."

In research that has developed over several years, Dar-Nimrod, currently a post-doctoral fellow in the Medical Center's Department of Psychiatry, and his colleagues recruited almost 1,000 people in the Vancouver, British Columbia, area, who completed an extensive questionnaire on the attributes, behaviors and individuals they associated with the word cool.

In the journal article, the research is described as the first systematic, quantitative examination of what characteristics recur in popular understandings of the cool personality.

The researchers conducted three separate studies. In Study 1, participants generated characteristics that they perceived to be cool. In Study 2, two samples of participants rated dozens of these characteristics on two dimensions: coolness and social desirability. In Study 3, participants rated friends both on their coolness and on a variety of personality descriptors that were identified as relevant in the other studies.

A significant number of participants used adjectives that focused on positive, socially desirable traits, such as friendly, competent, trendy and attractive.

"I got my first sunglasses when I was about 13," said Dar-Nimrod. "There wasn't a cooler kid on the block for the next few days. I was looking cool because I was distant from people. My emotions were not something they could read. I put a filter between me and everyone else. That, in my mind, made me cool. Today, that doesn't seem to be supported. If anything, sociability is considered to be cool, being nice is considered to be cool. And in an oxymoron, being passionate is considered to be cool -- at least, it is part of the dominant perception of what coolness is. How can you combine the idea of cool -- emotionally controlled and distant -- with passionate?"

At some levels, participants in the study still appreciated the traditional elements of cool, such as rebelliousness and detachment, but not as strongly as friendliness and warmth.

"We have a kind of a schizophrenic coolness concept in our mind," Dar-Nimrod said. "Almost any one of us will be cool in some people's eyes, which suggests the idiosyncratic way coolness is evaluated. But some will be judged as cool in many people's eyes, which suggests there is a core valuation to coolness, and today that does not seem to be the historical nature of cool. We suggest there is some transition from the countercultural cool to a generic version of it's good and I like it. But this transition is by no way completed."

Dar-Nimrod's main research interests are the effects of genetics and social environment on decision-making and health behaviors. The coolness research began when Dar-Nimrod was a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia. He and a fellow student, Ian G. Hansen, a co-author of the Journal of Individual Differences article and currently an assistant professor at York College of City University of New York, argued over whether Steve Buscemi, an actor in the movie "Fargo" and the cable television series "Boardwalk Empire," is cool.

"Ian thought Buscemi was cool and I could not accept him as cool because he was so unattractive and seemed such a weasel," Dar-Nimrod said. "That got us thinking about just what coolness is."

The coolness findings could point to possible health impacts.

"Coolness may have some relevance to health behaviors," Dar-Nimrod said. "Smoking or drug use, for example, could be connected with a view of coolness that includes rebelliousness or a countercultural stance. This can inform future health research on behaviors. Is coolness related to people's choice of unhealthy behaviors, such body modifications, unprotected sex or even eating behaviors?"

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Rochester Medical Center.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Authors Ilan Dar-Nimrod, I. G. Hansen, T. Proulx, D. R. Lehman, B. P. Chapman and P. R. Duberstein. Coolness: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Individual Differences, 2012 [link]

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Former Greek PM: euro exit would be "catastrophic"

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Wednesday, June 6, 2012

Doxycycline dosage for acne treatment - Health and Fitness

The second way to get rid of acne scars is to eating a balanced diet. red They really are a unfortunate memento for an individual having suffered bad spots or maybe acne. These acids are extracted from fruits, milks, or sugars. Doctors consign different prescribe undoubted as anyone secrete inclement nodula acne that has not responded to side various treatments. So the next time, you go out and buy food make sure you do not buy these types of food. This is why back acne is so stubborn to treat. Some solutions are less expensive acne than others however may not give perfect results. Although, a number of treatment options are available, but you should give a thought to choose the proper treatment before you make the final decision. Studies Show Laser Therapy Effective At Clearing Acne treatment Dermatologist evaluates the latest laser and light sources approved for treating acne. There are certainly many contributing factors to natural skin care to clear acne red marks treatment your acne. Remember that physical beauty fades, both in the eye of the beholder with time, and in reality with age. That? s where benzoyl peroxide for creams come in. With fat transfer, the doxycycline dosage for acne treatment body reabsorbs it back into the body between half a year to a year and a half later and requires follow up injections. It is Time for the Acne Meds Products for your face. What can I do? The biological product is a low molecular weight as serves as an antioxidant and anti- inflammatory. Tomatoes possess antioxidant characteristics that prevent skin damage right from the cellular level. To hasten a zits healing time, increase blood flow to the acne doxycycline lesion. During and after menopause, skin erosion grows more uneven and so it? marks s always better to gently remove the epidermis or outer layer of skin to produce a more even appearance and clean out the pores. Beat the yolk using a fork and add 2 tsp of water 3. These include Ortho Tri- Cyclen and Estrostep. As a matter of truth, it is not uncommon for females to develop acne in their mid to late- 20? s, even if they? ve never had it prior to. It really is essentially a matter of locating the best ones. Allow the tomato juice to get absorbed well into the skin for one hour and then wash your face with cold water. A proper diet of foods consisting fruits, fresh vegetables are found to be a great preventive method against acne cysts, while foods rich in saturated fats and other dairy kind of products should not be taken when battling acne cysts. Using the remedies given here daily is an effective method of clearing acne scars. Of course, enough water on a daily basis will cleanse your internal organs and optimize it to best function the way they should. Do this a treatment few times and watch the effect on your skin. Compared to tetracycline, which may only kill bacteria, Erythromycin has each anti- inflammatory and bacteria- killing attributes. most effective acne scar treatment Health Supplements That Help Acne At some time in your life, it? s inevitable that you will face a problem you really don? t want to deal with. This is so the dosage cleanser can do its work and get deep down into the pores and rid the acne. The water in the skin surrounding doxycycline dosage for acne treatment the gland absorbs light emitted by the laser, and then acne warms up.

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Toothpaste has a drying effect on acne, therefore cutting the healing process in half. Clear and Heal Your Skin Acne Recovery System for Life Preventing adult acne breakouts is a better option than treating acne breakouts. Modern Skin Care Options Acne Laser Removal Having acne trouble is a The boy said that he began breaking out as a 13- year- old and within two years had tried just about every recommended acne- Skin care products reviews like this one will not inform you that the ingredients in the formula cause redness, irritation, dry skin, flaking, and Apply the juice to your affected area and leave it on for 30 minutes. The best course of best laser treatment for acne action

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Compact and flexible thermal storage

ScienceDaily (June 6, 2012) ? Biogas plants, combined heat and power plants don't just generate electricity, they also produce heat. However, unlike the electricity they yield, the heat generally dissipates unused. A new technology is set to change this: It will allow the heat to be stored lossfree in the smallest of spaces for lengthy periods of time, for use as and when required.

There's a growing trend towards generating electricity from biogas. But these systems would be considerably more effective if better use could be made of the heat that is produced in the process. Roughly half of the total energy content of the fuel is released as heat, which typically dissipates into the atmosphere unused. Large quantities of heat likewise escape from combined heat and power plants, not to mention many industrial installations. The root of the problem lies in the fact that the heat is not generally used at the time it is generated -- and options for storing it are limited. Traditionally, water tanks have been used for this purpose, but they can only absorb a finite quantity of heat. And of course, the heat can only be stored for short periods of time, because although the water tanks are insulated, the water gradually loses its heat to the surrounding atmosphere.

Working together with industrial partners such as ZeoSys GmbH in Berlin, scientists from the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB in Stuttgart are currently developing a new type of thermal storage system. This new system can store three to four times the amount of heat that water can, so it only requires storage containers around a quarter the size of water tanks. Moreover, it is able to store the heat loss-free over lengthy periods of time and can even operate at temperatures well in excess of 100 degrees Celsius. The new system contains zeolite pellets, from the Greek ze?, meaning 'boil' and lithos, meaning 'stone'. Normally this material is used as an ion exchanger, for example to soften water.

Because zeolites are porous, they have a huge surface area: A single gram of these pellets boasts a surface area of up to 1000 square meters. When the material comes into contact with water vapor, it binds the steam within its pores by means of a physicochemical reaction, which generates heat. The water is in reverse removed from the material by the application of heat and the energy is stored, but not as a result of the material becoming palpably warm -- as when water tanks are used. What is stored is the potential to adsorb water and in the process release heat; the term 'sorptive thermal storage' is frequently used to describe these systems. And provided the dried zeolite material is prevented from coming into contact with water, it can store the heat for an unlimited amount of time.

Mobile test facility with a storage volume of 750 liters

Although the basic principle has been widely understood for some time, it had never before been translated into a broad-based technical application for storage systems. "We took the principle and confirmed it was technically feasible," says Mike Blicker, group manager, heat and sorption systems in the IGB. Initially, the researchers used a 1.5- and then a 15-liter reactor to demonstrate that the process really does work. Blicker explains: "First we developed the process engineering, then we looked around to see how we could physically implement the thermal storage principle -- i.e. how a storage device has to be constructed, and at which locations heat exchangers, pumps and valves are needed."

The institute's development partners were responsible for the material testing side of the project, investigating which of the various zeolites would be best suited for the purpose, how big the zeolite pellets needed to be, and whether or not the material would remain stable even after numerous storage cycles. They proved that heat could be stored and discharged many thousands of times without the system showing significant signs of wear and tear. The researchers subsequently up-scaled their operations to the current test facility, which has a storage volume of 750 liters and is mounted in a transportable container, along with all the additional equipment it requires. Its mobility allows the scientists to test the system in a variety of locations under realistic conditions.

The next stage of their work will be to reduce production costs, further optimize the system and adapt it for a variety of applications. Ultimately, the goal is to be able to store heat both in industrial installations and in small combined heat and power plants such as those used in larger residential buildings. To start with, priority will be given to industrial applications. "It would be ideal if we were able to devise a modular system that would allow us to construct each storage device to suit the individual requirement," says Blicker. The Fraunhofer researchers will be using a model system to demonstrate the principles of sorptive thermal storage at ACHEMA 2012 in Frankfurt from June 18 through 22.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, via AlphaGalileo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Tuesday, June 5, 2012

Clemens expert says beer can evidence is 'garbage'

WASHINGTON (AP) ? The expert called to help exonerate Roger Clemens barely made it to the stand. Once he did, he lambasted prosecutors for relying on the so-called "beer can evidence" to support their case against the former All-Star pitcher accused of perjury.

"If you submit garbage to the laboratory, more than likely you're going to get garbage on the end," forensic toxicologist Bruce Goldberger said.

With similar strong sentiments, repeated over and over, Goldberger testified Tuesday in the trial to determine whether Clemens lied to Congress in 2008 when denying he used steroids or human growth hormone.

Clemens' former strength coach, Brian McNamee, has testified that he injected Clemens with performance-enhancing substances in 1998, 2000 and 2001 and saved the needle and other waste from a steroids injection in 2001. McNamee says he put the evidence in and around a beer can found in a recycling bin and stored it for more than six years in a box in his house.

Prosecutors have produced experts who said they found Clemens' DNA on two cotton balls kept inside the can and a likely match for Clemens' DNA in a needle stored outside the can. Goldberger, director of the University of Florida's William R. Maples Center for Forensic Medicine, was unflappable as he contested the integrity of the evidence: He offered equally strong opinions under cross-examination as he did under questioning from Clemens' lawyer.

Among his answers: "I think the government's conclusions are overreaching with regards to the interpretation of the evidence. ... The background in this case is you have evidence in a beer can that was in the possession of an accuser for six years. ... The weight of the evidence in this case is lacking because of the potential for contamination. ... The government's theory cannot be proven. You cannot exclude the theory of possible contamination."

The government nearly kept the jury from hearing any of it. Prosecutor Daniel Butler mounted a strong challenge to Goldberger's credentials as an expert witness. U.S. District Judge Reggie Walton sounded ready to agree at one point: "He's being asked to give an opinion outside his expertise."

But Clemens lawyer Rusty Hardin vehemently disagreed and eventually persuaded the judge to allow Goldberger to testify with certain limits. The best concessions the government could get from him were that he never tested the items himself and that he couldn't prove they were ? or weren't ? tainted, manipulated or contaminated.

In all, the day was a perfect microcosm of the trial. Lawyers twice spent more than an hour arguing over what a witness could or couldn't say. At least Goldberger ended up spending a decent amount of time on the stand. The day's first witness, broadcaster Joe Angel, ended up testifying in front of the jury for about five minutes about a topic the judge isn't sure is even relevant to the case.

Also, a new wrinkle was revealed in a trial that's already run way longer than expected: One of the jurors is leaving June 19 for a six-month trip to Germany. If the juror is excused, the final alternate would be added to the 12-person panel ? a cyclist and gym rat who said during jury selection that he knows people who have used steroids.

Clemens' lawyers don't appear to want that man deciding their client's fate. Hardin lobbied the judge to keep the Europe-bound juror on the panel, confident the trial will be over by then.

The defense hopes to rest by the end of this week, but the trial schedule is littered with partial days and off-days due to various schedule conflicts. Two days will be missed next week while the judge is out of town. Plus, Walton noted it's difficult to predict how long deliberations will take.

"The (John) Edwards case took eight or nine days," he said. "If that happens here, we're in real trouble."

Three jurors have already been dismissed, including two who were caught sleeping during the trial. Another juror has been suspected of sleeping, but she remains on the panel for now.

The trial, originally projected to last four to six weeks, is in its eighth week, and Angel's testimony was another frustrating exercise in the slow pace of justice. The defense wanted to ask him about comments he made during a pair of broadcasts of a series between the Toronto Blue Jays and Florida Marlins in 1998.

Angel's testimony has to do with whether Clemens attended a mid-day pool party at Blue Jays teammate Jose Canseco's house on June 9, 1998. Clemens said at his congressional deposition in February 2008 that he wasn't at Canseco's house that day. The government says that was a lie, one of 13 alleged Clemens' lies cited in the count charging him with obstructing Congress.

But the judge wanted to know what, if anything, the party has to do with whether Clemens used performance-enhancing substances. Prosecutor Steven Durham countered that both Congress and Clemens' lawyers had made the party a significant issue. McNamee said he saw Clemens and Canseco speaking with a third unknown man at Canseco's house that day, an incident that McNamee later associated with Clemens' alleged request for a steroids shot days later. The jury had heard earlier that Canseco was a known steroids user.

If Clemens wasn't at the party, Hardin has argued, that would call into question the overall credibility of the government's key witness.

Walton decided to keep the pool party in the trial, at least for now, but the lawyers weren't finished. They then went back and forth over the nature of Angel's testimony.

Eventually, it was decided that Angel, who was a broadcaster with the Marlins at the time, could say in front of the jury that he saw Clemens at a golf course between 8:30 a.m. and 9 a.m. on June 9 ? hours before the Canseco party. He added, though, that it usually took up to 4 ? hours to play a round of golf at that club.

The tapes of the broadcasts from the June 9-10 Blue Jays-Marlins games ? during which Angel referred to Clemens playing golf ? were never played before the jury. His actual testimony was shorter than many innings he's called in more than 30 years as a play-by-play announcer.

Also Tuesday, former pitcher Mike Boddicker testified that he saw Clemens get a shot in the buttocks from a vial labeled B12. He said it was likely given by an athletic trainer, in 1989 or 1990 when they were teammates with the Boston Red Sox. Prosecutors say that Clemens' claim that he received vitamin B12 injections from McNamee was a cover story for Clemens' use of steroids.

Also on the stand Tuesday was former New York Yankees and Houston Astros massage therapist Rohan Baichu, who said he gave Clemens regular massages from 1999-2006. He became the latest defense witness to say he never saw significant changes in Clemens' body and that Clemens' excellence at an advanced age resulted from a superb work ethic.

"Biologically, he was not 40," Baichu said. "He was younger, in my opinion."

___

Associated Press writer Frederic J. Frommer contributed to this report.

___

Follow Fred Frommer on Twitter at http://twitter.com/ffrommerYAY

Follow Joseph White on Twitter at http://twitter.com/JGWhiteAP

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Excessive endurance training can be too much of a good thing, research suggests

Excessive endurance training can be too much of a good thing, research suggests [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 4-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Eileen Leahy
mcpmedia@elsevier.com
732-238-3628
Elsevier Health Sciences

Regular, moderate exercise most beneficial, Mayo Clinic Proceedings reports

Rochester, MN, June 4, 2012 Micah True, legendary ultra-marathoner, died suddenly while on a routine 12-mile training run March 27, 2012. The mythic Caballo Blanco in the best-selling book, Born to Run, True would run as far as 100 miles in a day. On autopsy his heart was enlarged and scarred; he died of a lethal arrhythmia (irregularity of the heart rhythm). Although speculative, the pathologic changes in the heart of this 58 year-old veteran extreme endurance athlete may have been manifestations of "Phidippides cardiomyopathy," a condition caused by chronic excessive endurance exercise.

Regular exercise is highly effective for the prevention and treatment of many common chronic diseases, and improves cardiovascular health and longevity. However, recent research suggests that chronic training for, and competing in, extreme endurance exercise such as marathons, iron man distance triathlons, and very long distance bicycle races may cause structural changes to the heart and large arteries, leading to myocardial injury. A study in the June issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings reviews the literature and outlines in detail for the first time the mechanisms, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular injury from excessive endurance exercise.

"Physical exercise, though not a drug, possesses many traits of a powerful pharmacologic agent. A routine of daily physical activity can be highly effective for prevention and treatment of many diseases, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, and obesity," says lead author James H. O'Keefe, MD, of Saint Luke's Hospital of Kansas City, MO. "However, as with any pharmacologic agent, a safe upper dose limit potentially exists, beyond which the adverse effects of physical exercise, such as musculoskeletal trauma and cardiovascular stress, may outweigh its benefits."

Dr. O'Keefe and his colleagues present emerging data suggesting that extreme endurance training can cause transient structural cardiovascular changes and elevations of cardiac biomarkers, all of which return to normal within one week. For some individuals, over months and years of repetitive injury, this process can lead to the development of patchy myocardial fibrosis, particularly in the atria, interventricular septum, and right ventricle, and an increased susceptibility to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. In one study, approximately 12% of apparently healthy marathon runners showed evidence for patchy myocardial scarring, and the coronary heart disease event rate during a two-year follow up was significantly higher in marathon runners than in controls.

Although it has been recognized that elite-level athletes commonly develop abnormal electrocardiograms and atrial and ventricular entropy, these adaptations traditionally have not been thought to predispose to serious arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death. However, it now appears that the cardiac remodeling induced by excessive exercise can lead to rhythm abnormalities. Endurance sports such as ultramarathon running or professional cycling have been associated with as much as a 5-fold increase in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation.

Chronic excessive sustained exercise may also be associated with coronary artery calcification, diastolic dysfunction, and large-artery wall stiffening.

Lifelong vigorous exercisers generally have low mortality and disability rates and excellent functional capacity, Dr. O'Keefe notes. He suggests that further investigation is needed to identify who is at risk for adverse cardiovascular remodeling, and to formulate physical fitness regimens for conferring optimal cardiovascular health and longevity.

In a video interview accompanying the article, Dr. O'Keefe stresses that the report does not detract from the importance of physical exercise. "Physically active people are much healthier than their sedentary counterparts. Exercise is one of the most important things you need to do on a daily basis," he explains. "But what this paper points out is that a lot of people do not understand that the lion's share of health benefits accrue at a relatively modest level. Extreme exercise is not really conducive to great cardiovascular health. Beyond 30-60 minutes per day, you reach a point of diminishing returns."

###


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Excessive endurance training can be too much of a good thing, research suggests [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 4-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Eileen Leahy
mcpmedia@elsevier.com
732-238-3628
Elsevier Health Sciences

Regular, moderate exercise most beneficial, Mayo Clinic Proceedings reports

Rochester, MN, June 4, 2012 Micah True, legendary ultra-marathoner, died suddenly while on a routine 12-mile training run March 27, 2012. The mythic Caballo Blanco in the best-selling book, Born to Run, True would run as far as 100 miles in a day. On autopsy his heart was enlarged and scarred; he died of a lethal arrhythmia (irregularity of the heart rhythm). Although speculative, the pathologic changes in the heart of this 58 year-old veteran extreme endurance athlete may have been manifestations of "Phidippides cardiomyopathy," a condition caused by chronic excessive endurance exercise.

Regular exercise is highly effective for the prevention and treatment of many common chronic diseases, and improves cardiovascular health and longevity. However, recent research suggests that chronic training for, and competing in, extreme endurance exercise such as marathons, iron man distance triathlons, and very long distance bicycle races may cause structural changes to the heart and large arteries, leading to myocardial injury. A study in the June issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings reviews the literature and outlines in detail for the first time the mechanisms, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular injury from excessive endurance exercise.

"Physical exercise, though not a drug, possesses many traits of a powerful pharmacologic agent. A routine of daily physical activity can be highly effective for prevention and treatment of many diseases, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, and obesity," says lead author James H. O'Keefe, MD, of Saint Luke's Hospital of Kansas City, MO. "However, as with any pharmacologic agent, a safe upper dose limit potentially exists, beyond which the adverse effects of physical exercise, such as musculoskeletal trauma and cardiovascular stress, may outweigh its benefits."

Dr. O'Keefe and his colleagues present emerging data suggesting that extreme endurance training can cause transient structural cardiovascular changes and elevations of cardiac biomarkers, all of which return to normal within one week. For some individuals, over months and years of repetitive injury, this process can lead to the development of patchy myocardial fibrosis, particularly in the atria, interventricular septum, and right ventricle, and an increased susceptibility to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. In one study, approximately 12% of apparently healthy marathon runners showed evidence for patchy myocardial scarring, and the coronary heart disease event rate during a two-year follow up was significantly higher in marathon runners than in controls.

Although it has been recognized that elite-level athletes commonly develop abnormal electrocardiograms and atrial and ventricular entropy, these adaptations traditionally have not been thought to predispose to serious arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death. However, it now appears that the cardiac remodeling induced by excessive exercise can lead to rhythm abnormalities. Endurance sports such as ultramarathon running or professional cycling have been associated with as much as a 5-fold increase in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation.

Chronic excessive sustained exercise may also be associated with coronary artery calcification, diastolic dysfunction, and large-artery wall stiffening.

Lifelong vigorous exercisers generally have low mortality and disability rates and excellent functional capacity, Dr. O'Keefe notes. He suggests that further investigation is needed to identify who is at risk for adverse cardiovascular remodeling, and to formulate physical fitness regimens for conferring optimal cardiovascular health and longevity.

In a video interview accompanying the article, Dr. O'Keefe stresses that the report does not detract from the importance of physical exercise. "Physically active people are much healthier than their sedentary counterparts. Exercise is one of the most important things you need to do on a daily basis," he explains. "But what this paper points out is that a lot of people do not understand that the lion's share of health benefits accrue at a relatively modest level. Extreme exercise is not really conducive to great cardiovascular health. Beyond 30-60 minutes per day, you reach a point of diminishing returns."

###


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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